What languages does Amazon for programming?

• Java has been used to write the majority of services across AWS and other organizations.

• We are personally in support of Kotlin as an alternative to Java.

• Kotlin is now the language we typically write our new code in. Rust is becoming more popular for some niche use cases.

• Although we doubt that it is still receiving significant investment, We are fairly certain that the is still a sizable c++ codebase.

• C# is being used more and more, but regrettably, We haven’t published a word of it on Amazon.

• We have a sizable Python codebase that contains numerous tools and other programs. Python is widely used to create Jupyter notebooks for a variety of purposes, some of which naturally involve machine learning. Numerous automation techniques come to mind, such as using boto to manage AWS resources, Lambda function code, or even Redshift’s UDF. All of these could be incredibly useful in helping manage and monitor our resources, but we need to be mindful of potential risks as well since giving too much autonomy to automated processes can result in less visibility and control over what’s happening behind the scenes.

• When it comes to AWS in particular, we employ TLA+ to formally verify our algorithms. We frequently utilize it and genuinely like doing so.

• We have a sizable Ruby codebase that contains numerous utilities and other specialized programs.

• We do utilize SQL to communicate with databases, like Redshift.

• Though it’s not popular outside of Spark, we’ve used Scala (in Machine Learning).

• We’ve also seen Clojure a few times, usually in connection with Jepsen tests.

• From our observations, Perl is still used today in some tools, scripts, and Web applications.
  

Although we can’t speak every language, We are confident that there are more examples of infrequent packages being created in Go, Haskell, ML, R, and so on. It’s also worth mentioning that we often use JSON, XML, and YAML to represent different kinds of data.